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The non-marine molluscs of Venezuela are a part of the molluscan fauna of Venezuela (which is part of the wildlife of Venezuela). Non-marine molluscs are the snails, clams and mussels that live in freshwater habitats, and the snails and slugs that live on land. Sea-dwelling molluscs are not included in this list. A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Venezuela. ==Historical background== Studies on the knowledge of the Venezuelan malacofauna begin in the nineteenth century with the work of German malacologist Eduard von Martens around 1873 who published the first list of the mollusks Venezuela.〔Martens, E. von. 1873: die Binnenmollusken Venezuelas. Festschrift sue feier des 100 jaehr.Bestehens der Gesell. Naturf. Freunde zu Berlin.〕 Three years later the German-Venezuelan Adolfo Ernst, taking as its starting point and extending Martens list, published a second list in 1876.〔Ernst, Adolf. 1876: Enumeración sistemática de las especies de moluscos terrestres y de agua dulce hallas hasta ahora en los alrededores de Caracas y demás partes de la república. Apuntes estadísticos del Distrito Federal. Caracas pp:77–85〕 Subsequent to these two pioneering nineteenth century works, only sporadic descriptions were published in foreign publications. It took about half a century for new listings of malacofauna of Venezuela to be published, this time by American H. B. Baker in the mid-1920s.〔Baker, Hocece B. 1923: The mollusca collected by the University of Michigan Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. Occasional Paper of the Museum of Zoology〕〔〔Baker, Horace B. 1925: The mollusca collected by the University of Michigan Williamson Expedition in Venezuela〕〔〔〔 Following Baker's work is beginning to make as many Venezuelan species descriptions and numerous national and regional listings including listings include: Adolfo Lutz, who in 1928 lists and makes observations on malacofauna Valencia lake and surrounding areas,〔Lutz, Adolfo 1928: Estudios de zoología y parasicología venezolana. Río de Janeiro.〕 H. Richards G. Hummelinck & P. W. Malacofauna 1940 describing the island of Margarita,〔 Arias in 1952 and 1953 in which he describes the fauna of the regions of Baruta, El Hatillo and Perija region;〔〔 Thompson, who in 1957 described the shellfish National Park Henri Pittier and surrounding areas;〔Thompson, Fred G. 1957: A collection of mollusks from Northern Venezuela. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 591:1–13〕 Martinez and Miranda in 1968 described pulmonate molluscs of Caracas and surrounding areas,〔 Fernández in 1982, which describes sitecueros of slugs and Venezuela,〔 Martinez et al. in 2004 which states bivalve fauna Venezuela freshwater,〔 Lasso and collaborators in 2009 which describes the fauna of the basin of the Orinoco.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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